Image Centroids: Intensity Weighting Can Move the Reported Center
Define intensity weights or binary membership before comparing a computed image center with a geometric midpoint.
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Machine Guide Library — Page 30
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Contour Length: A Pixel Boundary Is Not Automatically a Physical Perimeter
Keep the contour path, closing convention and coordinate scale before reporting its arc length as a physical perimeter.
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Convex Hulls: Enclosing a Concave Region Also Encloses Empty Space
Separate an original concave shape from its convex enclosure before interpreting hull area as occupied foreground area.
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Rotated and Axis-Aligned Boxes: Orientation Changes Enclosing Dimensions
Retain box orientation and enclosing convention before comparing image-region width and height.
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Minimum Enclosing Circles: Containment Is Different from a Fitted Circle
Distinguish enclosing every selected point from satisfying a separate circle-fitting objective.
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Polygon Approximation: A Tolerance Can Remove Boundary Vertices
Keep approximation distance tolerance and coordinate units beside a simplified boundary.
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Template Matching Scores: The Selected Measure Controls Brightness Sensitivity
Retain the chosen template score and brightness assumptions before interpreting the best match.
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Subpixel Localization: An Interpolated Coordinate Is Not Extra Independent Sampling
Separate a fractional coordinate estimate from the number and geometry of native acquired samples.
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Hough Line Voting: Parameter Bins Are Part of the Detected Line
Keep angle and distance bin definitions beside a Hough line-vote result before treating its parameters as exact geometry.
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Circle Detection: Edge-Based Hypotheses Differ from Filled-Region Measurements
Separate an edge-based circle hypothesis from area measured on an independently segmented filled region.
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Canny Hysteresis: Weak Edges Survive Through Defined Connectivity
Retain weak-edge connectivity to strong evidence before interpreting Canny hysteresis as independent magnitude thresholding.
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Sobel Gradients: Directional Change Is Different from Local Brightness
Keep signed directional derivative responses separate from local intensity before interpreting a Sobel gradient image.
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Laplacian Responses: Second Differences Can Vanish Along a Constant Slope
Separate second-difference response from first-difference change before interpreting a Laplacian output.
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Affine Image Transforms: Translation and Shape Mapping Need Defined Coordinates
Trace a stated affine coordinate mapping before interpreting image displacement as movement of a physical feature.
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Planar Homographies: One Mapping Does Not Automatically Describe Different Depths
Retain the plane behind a projective image mapping before applying it to features at another depth.
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Calibration Target Coordinates: Square-Size Units Scale Estimated Translation
Retain calibration-target square size and object-coordinate units before interpreting an estimated translation as a physical length.
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Undistorted Image Boundaries: Corrected Pixels Can Have an Invalid Border
Retain the valid-pixel support after lens undistortion before interpreting every output border location as observed scene data.
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Stereo Depth: Baseline, Focal Pixels and Disparity Belong to One Geometry
Keep rectified focal pixels, physical baseline and image disparity in one stereo-depth geometry.
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HSV Hue Intervals: A Circular Component Can Cross the Numeric Endpoint
Define wrapped hue intervals before using a numerical range to select colors near the hue endpoint.
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RGB and BGR Arrays: Channel Position Is Part of the Pixel Definition
Retain channel order before interpreting a three-component image array as displayed color.
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Alpha Compositing: Straight and Premultiplied Channels Need Different Arithmetic
Retain straight or premultiplied alpha representation before applying compositing arithmetic.
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Encoded and Linear Color: Averaging Display Codes Can Differ from Averaging Light
Specify encoded or linear-light color coordinates before computing a numerical average.
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Integer and Normalized Image Intensities: A Threshold Needs the Correct Value Scale
Convert an image threshold's value scale before applying it to normalized rather than integer intensities.
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Image Row Stride: Stored Row Bytes Can Include Padding
Retain row stride instead of deriving every image-row address from visible width alone.
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Practical considerations for connecting washing, filling, capping, labeling and conveying machinery.
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