MQTT QoS and Application Duplicates: Delivery Level Does Not Define Every Business Event
Separate MQTT delivery assurance from the identity of the business event stored by the receiving application.
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MQTT Retained Messages: A New Delivery Can Contain an Old Value
Check the source time of an MQTT retained value before treating a newly received startup message as a new physical observation.
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MQTT Last Will and Heartbeats: Define the Meaning of Connection Status
Distinguish MQTT connection-loss notification from evidence that the monitored application is still producing useful observations.
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OPC UA Certificates and Trust: Identity and Encryption Are Separate Review Questions
Separate an OPC UA application’s certificate trust decision from the encrypted-channel label in an interface review.
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OPC UA Namespace Index and URI: Preserve Stable Meaning Across Sessions
Retain the namespace URI when an OPC UA node identifier is expected to remain interpretable across sessions or servers.
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OPC UA Events and Variables: Choose the Data Model for the Required Record
Specify historical variable values and historical event fields separately when comparing an OPC UA historian proposal.
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NTP Time Synchronization and Time-Zone Labels: Different Parts of a Comparable Clock
Keep clock synchronization separate from the timezone used to display a machine-data timestamp.
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UTC and Local-Time Logs: Keep Ambiguous Calendar Times Out of Event Ordering
Compare absolute instants before ordering records whose timestamp strings use different UTC offsets.
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Unsigned Counter Rollover: Distinguish a Wrap from a Reset
Distinguish unsigned-counter rollover from reset before using a decrease to calculate production increments.
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Event IDs and Idempotent Storage: Keep Retransmission Separate from a New Event
Define a stable event key and conflict policy before repeated data deliveries reach a machine-record database.
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Reconnect Gaps and Store-and-Forward: Specify What History Must Survive
Specify the outage record policy before treating a successful reconnect as proof that every intervening observation was recovered.
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Signed and Unsigned Values: Interpret the Same Bits Using the Defined Type
Retain width and signedness when converting a raw machine-data integer pattern into a reported number.
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Orthographic Views: Match the Same Feature Across Front, Top and Side
Trace one interface feature across orthographic projections by identifying the coordinates shown in each view.
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Auxiliary Views: Read the True Shape of an Inclined Interface
Interpret an inclined face using a view normal to that face instead of treating a shortened projection as its true interface size.
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Section Cut Location and Direction: A Visible Cavity Needs the Defined Plane
Retain the cutting-plane position and viewing direction when interpreting a drawing of an internal cavity.
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Detail Views: An Enlarged Feature Has Its Own Scale
Read a local drawing enlargement using its own feature boundary and scale instead of applying the parent view ratio.
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Drawing Projection Convention: Identify First-Angle or Third-Angle Before Comparing Sides
Identify a drawing's projection convention before interpreting the relative positions of front, top and side views.
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Isometric Views: Keep the Spatial Overview Separate from True Edge Lengths
Separate an isometric spatial overview from quantities obtained on the model's geometric planes.
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Hidden Edges: Separate Invisible Geometry from Missing Components
Interpret hidden-edge display separately from the existence of internal geometry in the represented component.
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Tangent Edges: A Displayed Surface Transition Is Not an Assembly Seam
Distinguish a tangent-transition line in a drawing from a real separate-component boundary.
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Break Views: A Shorter Picture Does Not Shorten the Part
Recognize display regions removed by a drawing break before using page distances to interpret a long component.
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Exploded Views: Presentation Spacing Is Not the Installed Clearance
Interpret separated parts in an exploded presentation without using illustration spacing as assembled interface clearance.
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Section Depth: Define Which Geometry Behind the Cut Is Displayed
Distinguish a section's cut surface from additional geometry displayed beyond the cutting plane.
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Linear and Aligned Dimensions: Preserve Which Distance Is Being Reported
Compare horizontal or vertical dimension components with the aligned point-to-point distance on an inclined feature.
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